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<title>Asbyte</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asbyte</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Asbyte</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname">Asbyte, Asbite</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Garamantes" title="Garamantes">Garamantes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">219 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Asbyte</b> (died 219 BC) was a <a href="Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libyan</a> princess in the <a href="Military_of_Carthage" title="Military of Carthage">Carthaginian army</a> before the <a href="Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>, according to <a href="Silius_Italicus" title="Silius Italicus">Silius Italicus</a>'s poem <i><a href="Punica_(poem)" title="Punica (poem)">Punica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SiliusI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiliusI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The existence of Asbyte is doubted of, considering Silius's evident interest in embellishing his tale with epic heroes and duels, and has been thought instead as a reference to the <a href="Amazon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon (mythology)">Amazon</a> <a href="Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a> and the Roman heroine <a href="Camilla_(mythology)" title="Camilla (mythology)">Camilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, her character is rooted on a real tradition of warrior women in North Africa held by several ancient chroniclers, lending her a degree of veracity.<sup id="cite_ref-Duvall_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duvall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> spoke about the Ausean and <a href="Machlyes" title="Machlyes">Machlye</a> tribes of Libya, which hosted martial tournaments between young girls and loathed those who died at them, and the Zaueces, whose <a href="War_chariots" class="mw-redirect" title="War chariots">war chariots</a> were driven by women.<sup id="cite_ref-Duvall_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duvall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diodorus also believed the mythical Amazons had lived in Libya before moving to the Black Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Duvall_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duvall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Asbyte's very name seems to be a reference to the Asbytheans, known as great charioteers according to Herodotus and <a href="Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duvall_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duvall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Asbyte is introduced in the poem as a princess of the <a href="Marmarica" title="Marmarica">Marmarica</a> and an ally to <a href="Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> during the <a href="Siege_of_Saguntum" title="Siege of Saguntum">Siege of Saguntum</a>. She is described as a follower of the goddess <a href="Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> who enjoyed hunting, riding horses and warring with rival Libyan tribes, who led an entire contingent of Libyan horsewomen and female war charioteers, though not all virgins like her.<sup id="cite_ref-SiliusI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiliusI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is a daughter of the <a href="Garamantes" title="Garamantes">Garamantian</a> <a href="Iarbas" title="Iarbas">Hiarbas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the poem, Asbyte's forces were deployed against a sally of the Saguntines, during which they scored multiple deaths with their javelins. A <a href="Ancient_Greek_mercenaries" title="Ancient Greek mercenaries">Cretan mercenary archer</a> named Mopsus tried to kill her from the city, but only hit her <a href="Nasamones" title="Nasamones">Nasamonic</a> lieutenant Harpe, which provoked a response in which Mopsus's sons were killed in the walls, driving him to suicide. Afterwards, the priest of <a href="Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> of the city, Theron, gave Asbyte chase, and eventually killed her when she tried to attack him. Theron was then killed by Hannibal's forces, who recovered Asbyte's beheaded corpse and looted chariot.<sup id="cite_ref-SiliusI_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiliusI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Asbyte's brother Aquerras is later mentioned among Hannibal's forces in route to Italy, leading his <a href="Getuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Getuli">Getuli</a> vassals.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later helps Hannibal to escape from <a href="Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Verrucosus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus">Quintus Fabius Maximus</a> and is finally felled in the <a href="Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Battle of Cannae</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Berenice_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II of Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a></li>

<li><a href="Larus_(Cantabrian)" title="Larus (Cantabrian)">Larus</a></li>

<li><a href="Pheretima_(Cyrenaean_queen)" title="Pheretima (Cyrenaean queen)">Pheretima</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-SiliusI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SiliusI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SiliusI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SiliusI_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Silius_Italicus" title="Silius Italicus">Silius Italicus</a>, <i><a href="Punica_(poem)" title="Punica (poem)">Punica</a></i>, 2</span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAdrienne_Mayor2016" class="citation book cs1">Adrienne Mayor (2016). <i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-06-911702-7-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Duvall-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duvall_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duvall_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duvall_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duvall_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Duvall_Penrose_Jr.2016" class="citation book cs1">Walter Duvall Penrose Jr. (2016). <i>Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity and Courage in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit Literature</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-01-910880-3-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin T. Dinter, "Epitaphic Gestures in Statius and Silius Italicus", in Antony Augoustakis (ed.), <i>Ritual and Religion in Flavian Epic</i> (Oxford University Press, ), pp. 267–286, at 277.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silius Italicus, <i>Punica</i>, 3</span>

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